Verse 1.2
सञ्जय उवाच ।
दृष्ट्वा तु पाण्डवानीकं व्यूढं दुर्योधनस्तदा ।
आचार्यमुपसङ्गम्य राजा वचनमब्रवीत् ।। 2।।
सञ्जयः
सम् (completely) +
√जि (to conquer) + अच् (भावे/अच् प्रत्यय)
∴ सञ्जय = one who is thoroughly victorious.
पुल्लिङ्ग सम्बोधन एकवचन
उवाच
√वच् (to speak) +
लिट् लकार (परोक्ष भूत काल) +
परस्मैपद प्रथम पुरुष एकवचन
∴ उवाच = (he) said.
दृष्ट्वा
√दृश् (to see) + क्त्वा प्रत्यय (indicates 'having done something')
∴ दृष्ट्वा = seeing
तु
अव्यय indicating 'Indeclinable' = but, however.
पाण्डवानीकम्
पाण्डव + अनीकम्
पाण्डव = descendants of Pandu
अनीक = lit. front, face; here meaning military array, front
संयुक्त शब्द → पाण्डवानीक (compound word) = Military array of the Pandavas
Its पुल्लिङ्ग द्वितीया एकवचन
∴ पाण्डवानीकम् = to the army array of the Pandavas.
व्यूढम्
वि differentiating +
√वह् = to transport +
क्त प्रत्ययः (form adjectives and nouns with past tense and passive voice meanings)
Its नपुंसकलिङ्ग द्वितीया एकवचन
∴ व्यूढम् = to the well-arranged, well-arrayed (battle formation).
दुर्योधनः
दुस् (difficult, bad) + √युध् (to fight) + यक् प्रत्यय → दुर्योधन
∴ दुर्योधनः = one difficult to fight with; name of the Kaurava prince.
पुल्लिङ्ग प्रथमा एकवचन
तदा (Indeclinable अव्यय) = then, at that time.
आचार्यम्
आ- ⇒ like-, towards-
√चर् (to move, to behave) +
यत् कृत् प्रत्यय for ⇒ must be done, ‘-able’ suffixed to a verb
∴ आचार्य = one who teaches conducts that must be followed
Its पुल्लिङ्ग द्वितीया एकवचन
∴ To the teacher, that is, here, Dronacharya
उपसङ्गम्य
उप- prefix indicating ‘near-’ +
सम्- (prefix: together) +
√गम् (to go) +
ल्यप् कृत् प्रत्यय ⇒ having done something/completed certain action
∴ उपसङ्गम्य = having gone near, that is, approached
राजा
राजन् (root word) + पुल्लिङ ्ग प्रथमा एकवचन
∴ राजा = the king (Duryodhana being referred as 'king' here).
वचनम्
From √वच् (to speak) +
णिनि (noun forming suffix)
Its नपुंसकलिङ्ग द्वितीया एकवचन
∴ वचनम् = speech, words.
अब्रवीत्
√ब्रू = to speak +
लङ् लकार (past tense) +
परस्मैपद प्रथम पुरुष एकवचन
∴ अब्रवीत् = he said/spoke.
Literal Translation (Word-by-Word):
Seeing (दृष्ट्वा), the Pandava army (पाण्डव अनीकम्), arrayed (व्यूढम्), then (तदा) King Duryodhana (राजा दुर्योधनः), approached (उपसङ्गम्य) the teacher (आचार्यम्), and spoke these words (वचनम् अब्रवीत्) —
Flowing Translation (Easy English):
Then, seeing the Pandava army arranged in formation, King Duryodhana approached his teacher Dronacharya and said —