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भगवद्गीता १.३

पश्यैतां पाण्डुपुत्राणामाचार्य महतीं चमूम् ।

व्यूढां द्रुपदपुत्रेण तव शिष्येण धीमता ॥ १.३ ॥

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पश्य

  • √दृश् (to see)

  • लोट् लकार (Imperative Mood – command/request)

  • कर्तरि प्रयोग, परस्मैपद, मध्यमपुरुष, एकवचन​

  • ∴ पश्य = You see! (Addressing the teacher Drona)

एताम्

  • एतद् - Pronoun (this)

  • Feminine, द्वितीया विभक्ति, एकवचन

  • Refers to "चमूम्" (army - see word 6) 

  • ∴ एताम् = this (army)

पाण्डुपुत्राणाम्

  • पाण्डु + पुत्र (son)

  • Its षष्ठी विभक्ति (genitive), बहुवचन

  • ∴ पाण्डुपुत्राणाम् = of the sons of Pandu

आचार्य

  • आ ⇒ -like, -towards + √चर् (to behave, to conduct) + यत् कृत् प्रत्यय

  • Meaning: one who teaches proper conduct i.e. teacher

  • Its सम्बोधन विभक्ति, पुल्लिङ्ग, एकवचन

  • ∴ आचार्य = O teacher! (vocative case)

महतीम्

  • महत् (great) + ईन् suffix → महती (feminine form of 'great')

  • Feminine adjective qualifying 'चमूम्'

  • Its द्वितीया विभक्ति, एकवचन

  • ∴ महतीम् = great (army)

चमूम्

  • चमू = army, troop, battalion

  • Feminine noun

  • द्वितीया विभक्ति, एकवचन

  • ∴ चमूम् = army

व्यूढाम्

  • √व्यूह् (to arrange, to array) → व्यूढ (past passive participle) arrangement, deployment

  • Feminine form agrees with चमूम्

  • द्वितीया विभक्ति, एकवचन

  • ∴ व्यूढाम् = arranged (army)

द्रुपदपुत्रेण

  • द्रुपद + पुत्र (son of Drupada, i.e., Dhrishtadyumna)

  • तृतीया विभक्ति (instrumental), पुल्लिङ्ग, एकवचन

  • ∴ द्रुपदपुत्रेण = by the son of Drupada, i.e. Dhrishtadyumna

तव

  • त्वम् (you, personal pronoun)

  • षष्ठी विभक्ति (genitive), एकवचन

  • ∴ तव = your

शिष्येण

  • शिष्य = disciple/student

  • शास् = To instruct, to inform.

  • + क्यप् प्रत्यय ⇒ forms verbal nouns or adjectives from certain verb stems with the meaning “should be or deserves to be ‘verb’ed”

  • तृतीया विभक्ति (instrumental), पुल्लिङ्ग, एकवचन

  • ∴ शिष्येण = by the disciple

धीमता

  • धीमत् = intelligent, wise (possessing बुद्धि)

  • From धि (intellect) + मतुप् प्रत्यय (possessor of)

  • तृतीया विभक्ति, पुल्लिङ्ग, एकवचन (qualifying शिष्येण)

  • ∴ धीमता = by the wise one

Literal Translation (Word-by-Word):

See (पश्य), O teacher (आचार्य), this (एताम्) great (महतीम्) army (चमूम्) of the sons of Pandu (पाण्डुपुत्राणाम्), well-arrayed (व्यूढाम्) by your (तव) wise (धीमता) disciple (शिष्येण), the son of Drupada (द्रुपदपुत्रेण).

Flowing Translation (Easy English): 

Look, O teacher! Behold this mighty army of the sons of Pandu, expertly arranged by your intelligent disciple, the son of Drupada.

Notes:

  • Duryodhana tactfully reminds Drona that the leader of the enemy formation is his own disciple, hinting at a possible inner conflict of loyalty.

  • The verse reflects both admiration and subtle pressure.

  • Duryodhana is sarcastically reminding Dronacharya of his folly of tutoring Dhrishtadyumna. Dhrishtadyumna was born out of the Yagna openly conducted by King Drupad to slay Dronacharya. After King Drupada was defeated by Dronacharya and his recently graduated batch of students, Drupada was let go by Dronacharya. But the humiliated king vowed to slay Dronacharya, and he conducted a Yagya from which Dhrishtadyumna was born for the very purpose. Now Duryodhana seems to be sarcastically reminding Dronacharya about it in this verse.

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